Clinical presentation, Hunt and Hess score, Fisher grade, incidence of vasospasm, neurological deficits and ischemic lesions on radiographic imaging, transcranial Doppler blood flow velocities, medical complications, and outcome were registered.
RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-eight
patients < 60 years of age and 280 patients >= 60 years of age were identified; 55.2% of the younger and 25.7% of the older age group developed post-hemorrhagic vasospasm (P < .001). Older patients developed less vasospasm (P = .00), fewer neurological deficits (P < .001), and fewer ischemic lesions on computed tomography imaging (P = .06). On the other hand, older patients had significantly worse outcomes than younger patients (P = .01) and more frequently died of medical complications learn more (P = .01).
CONCLUSION: Vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurological selleck compound deficits, and vasospasm-associated ischemic lesions are more likely to occur in patients, < 60 years of age than in older patients. The lower incidence of vasospasm and vasospasm-related ischemia in the elderly patient does not translate into better outcome because of the higher rate of fatal medical complications in patients
>= 60 years of age.”
“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is major cytosolic antioxidant enzyme responsible for dismutation of superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)). Alterations in SOD expression and activity Histamine H2 receptor are associated with various neurological disorders. In the present study, we utilized neuronal HT-22 cells to investigate heat-stressed induced cytotoxicity. Heat stress at 43 degrees C for 30 min caused a decrease in SOD-1 mRNA levels, cytoplasmic SOD protein and enzyme activity and a corresponding decline
in cell number during a 48 h recovery at 37 degrees C. During the recovery phase, there was an increase in reactive oxygen species generation and an increase in NADPH oxidase activity with a corresponding increase in DNA fragmentation and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. The increase in ROS accumulation and cell death was abolished by pretreatment with the SOD mimetics EUK-134 and Mn(III)TBAP and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. These data suggest that hyperthermia increases ROS generation by increasing NADPH activity and decreasing SOD activity leading to cytotoxicity in HT-22 cells. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Recent advances in skull base and microsurgical techniques minimize the need for brain retraction.
OBJECTIVE: We studied the impact of such techniques in 36 patients (51 aneurysms) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS: Preoperative and 24 hours postoperative MR imaging was performed in patients undergoing microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms. Images were evaluated for parenchymal signal changes. During surgery, use and time of brain retraction were recorded.