Authors’ contributions The

idea of the study was conceived by VD and II. PS and II produced investigated structure. KM performed the photoluminescence measurements as well as calculation and initiated the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved Selleckchem NCT-501 the final manuscript.”
“Background One of the principal ways to improve the existing and create new electrochemical technologies is the development of new electrode materials, possessing necessary properties: high electrocatalytic activity, stability, and abundance of original components [1]. These requirements can be provided by creating electrodes on the porous carbon material (PCM) bases that are actively used as electrode materials for primary and secondary chemical power sources and supercapacitors [2–7]. In particular, we have found

out that the specific capacity of lithium power sources on the PCM bases, obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of apricot pits at different temperatures, depends mainly on its specific area and electrical conductivity [8, 9]. The maximum value of specific capacity (1.138 mА · h/g) has the electrochemical system on the basis of PCM, obtained at the carbonization temperature of 750°С. It is evident that to increase the specific Trichostatin A in vivo energy characteristic of the elements, it is necessary to perform intentional change of PCM structure and morphology by means of different types of processing and modification. The most common ways of modification are thermal, chemical, and laser modifications PF 01367338 of PCMs [10–12]. To study changes caused by such modifications a wide range of methods are currently used: X-ray diffraction method [13], small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [14–16], small-angle neutron scattering [16–18], gas adsorption/desorption [19–21], scanning tunnel microscopy [22], atomic force microscopy [23], and transmission electron microscopy [24]. Each of these methods has its advantages and aminophylline disadvantages, but they provide a possibility to obtain important

information about the porous structure of the materials (specific area, total pore volume, micropore volume, dimensions and forms of pores, their size distribution, fractal structure, etc.). The advantages of SAXS method, in comparison with other methods, may include the following [25, 26]: (1) it is sensitive to both closed and open porosity, (2) SAXS intensity profiles are sensitive to shape and orientation of the scattering, (3) the method can be used to investigate samples that are saturated with liquids, (4) it can be used to investigate the pore texture of materials under operating conditions. Thus, the aim of the work is to perform thermal modification of PCM at different temperatures and times and to investigate the effect of this modification on its morphology and fractal structure using the SAXS method. Methods The initial standard was PCM, obtained by method of hydrothermal carbonization of plant material at a temperature of 750°С.