Inhibition of lysosomes or proteasomes by co-treatment with antofine and their respective specific inhibitors, NH4Cl or MG132, partially inhibited the antofine-induced decrease in Cx43 protein levels, but did not inhibit the antofine-induced inhibition of GJIC. After 30 min of treatment, antofine induced a rapid increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activation of protein kinase C (PKC)alpha/beta II, which
was maintained for at least 6 h. Co-treatment of astrocytes with antofine and the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM prevented downregulation of Cx43 and inhibition of GJIC. Moreover, co-treatment with antofine Cl-amidine supplier and a specific PKC beta inhibitor prevented endocytosis of gap junctions, downregulation of Cx43, and inhibition of GJIC. Taken together, these findings indicate that antofine induces Cx43 gap junction disassembly by the PKC beta signaling pathway.
Inhibition of GJIC by antofine may undermine the neuroprotective effect of astrocytes in CNS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: In the last few years, serum and joint synovial fluid have been extensively analyzed for https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly3039478.html the proteomic research of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biomarkers. Nonetheless, to date, there have been no studies investigating salivary biomarkers in this condition. Therefore, aim of this study is to investigate the presence of potential biomarkers of RA in human whole saliva.
Experimental design: We combined 2-DE and MS to analyze the whole saliva
protein profile of 20 RA patients in comparison with 20 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects.
Results: this website Eight salivary proteins resulted differentially expressed, namely calgranulin A, calgranulin B, apolipoprotein A-1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, peroxiredoxin 5, epidermal fatty acid-binding protein, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor (GRP78/BiP), and 14-3-3 proteins. It is particularly interesting that chaperone GRP78/BiP showed the greatest increase in RA patients. This finding was validated by Western Blot analysis and the over-expression of GRP78/BiP appear to be distinctive of RA and drugs treatment independent.
Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study provides a rationale for further studies aimed at evaluating any correlation between GRP78/BiP and different clinical/serological aspects of the disease in order to improve the diagnostic algorithms of RA.”
“Lycopene, a reddish pigment contained in tomato, belongs to the carotenoid family along with beta-carotene and rutein. This study examined whether administration of lycopene to rats would induce excitation of neurons in the central nervous system.