The aim of our study was to elucidate the lingual tonsils hypertrophy as a cause of pediatric
OSA and also to evaluate the efficacy of lingual tonsillectomy in relieving symptoms of the disease considering the pen-operative problems and management.
Methods: Sixteen children with lingual tonsils hypertrophy after adenotonsillectomy were included in the study. Computerized tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for detection of the lesions. They underwent lingual tonsillectomy with special anesthetic care, flexible laryngoscopy and polysomnography were done pre- and post-operatively. Follow up of the patients was carried out for at least 1 year.
Results: Three cases developed BTSA1 cell line post-operative airway obstruction that is caused by tongue base edema. Complete improvement of snoring and apnea was achieved in 10 cases. Despite complete ablation of lingual tonsils, persistent snoring was detected in six cases, while apnea was detected in two cases. Down’s syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses, and obesity may be underlying factors for persistent symptoms.
Conclusions: Lingual tonsils hypertrophy could be the cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children
after adenotonsillectomy, lingual tonsillectomy is an effective treatment for these cases, however peri-operative airway problems should be expected and can be managed safely. Persistent symptoms after lingual tonsillectomy may be due selleck screening library to the presence of co-morbidities such as cranio-facial deformities, obesity, find more and/or mucopolysaccharidoses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways constitute an evolutionarily conserved host defense system that protects against a broad range
of infectious agents. Modeling of TLR signaling has been carried out at several levels. Structural models of TLRs and their adaptors, which utilize a small number of structural domains to recognize a diverse range of pathogens, provide a starting point for understanding how pathogens are recognized and signaling events initiated. Various experimental and computational techniques have been used to construct models of downstream signal transduction networks from the measurements of gene expression and chromatin structure under resting and perturbed conditions along with predicted regulatory sequence motifs. Although a complete and accurate mathematical model of all TLR signaling pathways has yet to be derived, many important modules have been identified and investigated, enhancing our understanding of innate immune responses. Extensions of these models based on emerging experimental techniques are discussed. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1178 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.