1 This demographic trend has major implications for both the costs and logistics of caring for this growing group of older persons with major psychiatric disorders. This article will discuss several emerging areas of research and clinical care that are particularly pertinent to older persons with schizophrenia. These topics will include the public health challenge and the cost of care for older patients with schizophrenia.

We will also discuss the course of schizophrenia in late life, including clinical differences between early-and late-onset schizophrenia, with respect, to neurocognitive decline Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and remission, and the nature and importance of comorbid medical conditions and medical care for older persons with schizophrenia. Finally, we will report the results of the only randomized clinical trial that compared two Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical atypical antipsychotics in older patients with schizophrenia, and discuss recent, regulatory actions with respect to the side effects of atypical antipsychotics that may be of particular concern in late-life schizophrenia. By convention, the geriatric population is considered to include those aged 65 and older. However, the terms “later life” or “late onset” have

come to represent, different agegroups when discussing schizophrenia. Late-life schizophrenia comprises two distinct, groups: those MLN8237 individuals Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical who were diagnosed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with schizophrenia early in life (late adolescence or young adulthood) and who are now middle-aged; and those who are diagnosed when they are elderly (45 years or older). Those individuals who

are diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 45 or older are classified as late-onset schizophrenia. Our center has included both middle-aged and elderly Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical persons with schizophrenia, those with early or late onset. The average age of our cohort is around age 60 and we use no upper age cutoff. The public health challenge A recent, report by Bartcls and colleagues examined the annual health care costs for adults with schizophrenia, depression, dementia, or physical illnesses in one small US state (New Hampshire).2 In general, except, for dementia, costs of care increased with the age of patients, with those over 85 incurring the greatest per-capita expense. Among people aged 65 or over, annual per-person care for those with schizophrenia, $40 000 or more, was the most, costly: (about 50% higher than for those with depression and about three times higher than for those Edoxaban receiving care for only physical illnesses). The patients with schizophrenia incurred higher annual costs in all age-groups compared with depression or medical conditions. The cost-by-age data were different for patients with dementia, where younger patients incurred higher costs. However, among patients over age 65, the cost of care was higher for the patients with schizophrenia compared with those with dementia.