1996). Within-plant nutrient re-translocation is likely to be greater in peach palm fruit systems than in heart-of-palm systems, because the former have more fallen leaves (Ares et al. 2003). Litter in the fruit system is low in nutrients, however, and may decompose more slowly than in the heart-of-palm system (McGrath et al. 2000). Peach palm has a superficial but extensive root system, which is adapted to little-developed soils (FAO 1983). Rooting depth was reported to Selonsertib supplier be less than 0.7 m, with an average root length of around 6 m (INCIVA 1982). Depending on soil conditions peach palm can also extend its roots into the subsoil. Lehmann et al. (2001) found that peach

palm shows its greatest root development at soil depths of 60-150 cm in a multi-layer agroforestry system with T. grandiflorum and B. excelsa. As the associated species developed roots mainly in the topsoil,

one can assume that their nutrient uptake complements that of peach palm. One peculiarity of its root system is that the root mat rises above the soil surface (Mora-Kopper et al. 1997). Fallen leaves and other debris accumulate and decompose on this superficial mat, providing a pool of nutrients that has little contact with the soil but can serve as an important source of P in the system (McGrath et al. 2000). Lehmann et al. (2000a) found that 70 % of the total N uptake occurred from the areas underneath the peach palm canopy. The N Staurosporine turnover of peach palm was calculated on the basis of litterfall data at 90 kg ha−1 year−1 in a heart-of-palm agroforest. Lehmann et al. (2000a, b) have further highlighted the role of cover crops in peach palm agroforesty

systems. P. phaseoloides, which was planted as a legume cover crop in a Theobroma grandiflorum–Bactris (palm heart) agroforestry system, proved to be very important for N cycling, as it accumulated 83 % of total N and contributed 66 % of total N turnover in this mixed cropping system. Several authors identified PIK-5 Centrosema macrocarpum and C. pubescens as promising leguminous species for peach palm production systems (Domínguez 1990; INIAA 1990; IIAP 1995), delivering nutrients while also suppressing weeds and improving the phytosanitary condition of plantations. Inoculating plantlets with mycorrhiza is highly recommended in peach palm nurseries to enhance seedling growth and reduce the time to field transplanting (Ydrogo 1994; Salamanca and Cano 2005). Socio-economic aspects of peach palm Though no authors have published exact figures on the importance of peach palm consumption and commercialization for local Trichostatin A cost economies, several have presented evidence that the tree forms an important part of subsistence and commercial livelihood strategies in areas where it is cultivated (Mejía 1978; Velasco et al. 1980; Patiño 2000; Medina et al. 2007; Zambrana et al. 2007).