2006; Smith et al. 2006; Szeto et al. 2009) about the prevalence of musculoskeletal
complaints in the upper extremities or in the back were included (Table 1). No studies were found on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among hospital physicians. Table 1 Methodological criteria Quality criteria 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score Quality label Berguer (1999) + − + + + − 4 MQ Cunningham (2006) + − + + + + 5 HQ Failde (2000) + + − − + − 3 MQ Johnston (2005) + − + − + + 4 MQ Karahan (2009) + − − + + + 4 MQ Smith (2006) + − + + + + 5 HQ Szeto (2009) + + + + + − 5 HQ Wolf (2000) + + + − − − 3 MQ HQ high quality, MQ medium quality Study characteristics Four studies reported musculoskeletal complaints among surgeons, three studies reported musculoskeletal complaints among all doctors and one study reported musculoskeletal complaints https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sc79.html among urologists (Table 2). It should be noted that Johnston et al. (2005) reported CA4P manufacturer an effect of two subgroups according to tasks
performed in the operating room, hand-assisted laparoscopy and standard laparoscopy. The number of participants varied from 18 to 286. The studies have been conducted in the United States of America (Berguer et al. 1999; Johnston et al. 2005; Wolf et al. 2000), Ireland (Cunningham et al. 2006), Spain (Failde et al. 2000), Turkey (Karahan et al. 2009) and China (Smith et al. 2006; Szeto et al. 2009). Table 2 Eight studies that assessed frequently reported prevalence of musculoskeletal 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl complaints. The study parameters of study design, sample size, type of doctors, country and prevalence are presented First author N Type Country Prevalence (%) Hand/wrist Forearm/elbow Shoulder Shoulder/arm Neck Upper back LBP Berguer (1999) 149 Surgeons USA Occasional 36 43 43 Frequent 11 12 9 Cunningham (2006) 21 Physicians Ireland Point 24 Annual 33 Lifetime 67 Failde (2000) 94 Physicians Spain NA 80 Johnston (2005) 25 (HAL) Surgeons USA Frequent 33 25 10 25 (SL) Surgeons Frequent 8 4 0 Karahan (2009) 90 Physicians Turkey
Annual 63 Smith (2006) 286 Physicians China Annual 38 42 29 44 Szeto (2009) 135 Surgeons China Annual 58 83 53 68 Wolf (2000) 18 Urologists USA Occasional 67 11 33 Frequent 17 28 HAL hand-assisted laparoscopy, SL standard laparoscopy, NL the Netherlands, LBP low back pain, NA not applicable Different definitions were used in the studies for musculoskeletal complaints. Cunningham et al. (2006) used the most broad definition of musculoskeletal complaints as they defined complaints as ache, pain or discomfort. Three other studies (Karahan et al. 2009; Smith et al. 2006; Szeto et al. 2009) defined musculoskeletal complaints as discomfort in the investigated body regions, whereas one study defined musculoskeletal complaints in term of pain (Berguer et al. 1999).