“
“Benzoyl peroxide was introduced as a basic treatment already in acne therapy 1934. The mechanism of action is the reduction of anaerobe bacteria by strong oxidation processes. No resistancies have been ever reported. BPO is available in 2.5, 5 and 10% formulations. Its efficacy is slightly related to the strength of concentrations, AZD1208 price but the side effect profile with burning, erythema and desquamation is increasing with

concentrations. BPO 5% mostly is efficient enough to control acne of grades I to II according to the Kligman & Plewig classification. BPO my bleach clothes and hair. It is the most costeffective topical drug in acne of grades I-II.

Inflammatory acne of the papular-pustular type I-II can also be treated by topical antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, and, less frequent and today not anymore recommended tetracyclines. Mechanism of action is not alone an antibacterial but anti inflammatory effect. The efficacy and penetration of the topical antibiotics between the groups are similar. Randomized studies have shown that concentrations of 2-4% are equivalent to oral tetracycline and minocycline in mild to moderate acne. Combinatory Y-27632 concentration formulations with BPO and

with retinoids enhance the efficacy significantly. Topical antibiotics plus BPO show less bacterial resistancies as topical antibiotics alone. Antibiotics should therefore not be used as monotherapy. Moreover gram negative folliculitis may develop.

Azelaic acid is acting as an antimicrobial and can also reduce comedones. It can also be used in pregnancy and during the lactation period.”
“Machine perfusion (MP) in solid organ Ispinesib supplier transplantation has been a topic of variable importance for decades. At the dawn of organ transplantation, MP was one of the standard techniques for preservation; today’s gold standard for organ preservation for transplantation is cold storage (CS). The outcome after transplantation of solid organs has tremendously improved over

the last five decades. MP has been continuously under investigation and may be an option for organ preservation in selected cases; however, there is only little evidence from clinical trials that can be used to advocate for MP as a routine organ preservation method.

This article reviews the current knowledge on MP in the field of solid organ transplantation with special focus on findings from clinical trials.

Especially in heart and lung transplantation, MP seems to be a promising tool to improve postoperative outcome, but a general evidence-based recommendation for or against an application of MP cannot be given due to the lack of the highest level of clinical evidence. Gold standards such as CS should not be left behind without good reason.