Biodiv

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Biodiv Conserv 6:701–719CrossRef”
“Introduction Biodiversity has been increasingly in the focus of scientific and public attention over the past decades, culminating in the United Nations declaring 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity. Concerning the role of phytodiversity in grasslands, positive effects on ecosystem services have repeatedly been pointed out. Thus, increased diversity has been suggested to lead to an enhanced production (Bai et al. 2007; Bullock et al. 2007; Dodd et al. 2004; Hector et al. 1999; van Ruijven and Berendse 2003; Weigelt et al. 2009; Yachi and Loreau 1999) as well as to an improved stability, sustainability and efficiency of grassland production systems (Caldeira et al. 2001; Hooper buy NSC23766 et al. 2005; Hooper and Vitousek 1998; Kahmen et al. 2006; Luck et al. 2003; Niklaus et al. 2006; Oelmann et al. 2007; Roscher et al. 2004, 2008;

Scherer-Lorenzen et al. 2003; Masitinib (AB1010) Tilman et al. 2006; Yachi and Loreau 1999). Despite such promising research results, grassland farming practices aiming at biodiversity conservation are usually regarded as less economically profitable than conventional practices (Pärtel et al. 2005). In temperate regions, grassland is mostly under agricultural management and grassland phytodiversity has developed over centuries in relation to such management (Bender et al. 2005; Isselstein et al. 2005; Moog et al. 2002; Vallentine 2001). Plant communities here are in dynamic equilibrium with utilisation practices. Without management, most temperate grassland would successionally turn into woodland. A regular utilisation is therefore also required for the protection of species-rich grassland (Moog et al. 2002). However, measures aimed at increasing production have usually led to a decline of biodiversity in grassland areas (Bezák and Halada 2010; Henle et al. 2008; Silvertown et al. 2006).