Figure 2b. Illustration of concave pontic framework design. Figure 4b. Distribution Dovitinib of von Mises stresses (MPa) in loading from veneering porcelain with a concave design. Views of main model and its mesiodistal cross-section. Figure 5b. Distribution of von Mises stresses (MPa) at the bone structure, loading from veneering porcelain with a concave design. Figure 6b. Distribution of von Mises stresses (MPa) through direct loading of the framework with a concave design. Views of main model and its mesiodistal cross-section. Figure 7b. Distribution of von Mises stresses (MPa) at the bone structure through direct loading of framework with a concave design. Acknowledgments This study is funded by Research Projects Council of the University of Selcuk.
The forensic age estimation of unidentified skeletons and corpses for the purpose of identification has been a conventional feature of forensic science. Determining the identity of a decedent is of considerable significance from the ethical, legal, and criminal perspectives; not only is it the prerequisite for officially declaring an individual dead but it is also the basis for dealing with mass disasters, crimes, and war crimes.1 Compared to bone mineralization, tooth mineralization stages are much less affected by variation in endocrine and nutritional status, and developing teeth therefore provide a more certain indication of chronological age.2 Tooth formation is used often to assess maturity and predict age. Within clinical dentistry, this information aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.
In forensic odontology and archaeology, age estimation methods can aid the identification of age at death of a deceased child and also give important information with regard to past populations. Age estimation is also proving valuable when birth data is lacking or doubted in the management of immigration to help determine physiological age.3 The scientific basis of age estimation is the genetic control of ontogenesis, which delimits the temporal variation of developmental stages.4 According to the suggestions produced by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics,1 a forensic age estimate of a living person for the purpose of criminal prosecution should consist of: a physical examination that also records anthropometric data, any age-relevant developmental disorders and signs of sexual maturation; an X-ray examination of the left hand; and a dental examination that records dentition status and evaluates an orthopantomograph.
Several methods for the determination of dental development from radiographs have been described.5 In children and Cilengitide adolescents, age estimations are based on the developmental stage of the deciduous and permanent dentition.6 Most of these are based on a comparison of the radiographic development of teeth with standard diagrams collected from a large number of persons, usually in a well-defined geographic region.