Figure 3 Effect of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on tumor necrosis factor-�� and interleukins-1�� during cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Mice pretreated with Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (SSM) (0.1, 0.5, or 1 g/kg) were challenged with … Effect of SSM on lung histological changes during selleck chemical Belinostat cerulein-induced AP The lung is typically affected in cases of pancreatitis[23-25]. Lung injury, characterized by edema and inflammation, commonly develops early in AP[26]. Lungs from cerulein-induced AP show alveolar thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration[26]. However, these changes were significantly reduced in lungs from the SSM pre-treated group, and this effect was dose-dependent (Figure (Figure4A,4A, B and Table Table22).

Table 2 Effect of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on lung histological scoring during acute pancreatitis (mean �� SE, n = 6) Figure 4 Effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury. A, B: 200 �� (A) and 400 �� (B) magnification of representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections of control mice and mice pretreated with … Effect of SSM on HMGB-1 expression in cerulein-induced AP To measure the HMGB-1 expression, an IHC method was used. IHC analysis showed that HMGB-1 expression was detected in the pancreas by the presence of a brown color. As shown in Figure Figure5,5, HMGB-1 was slightly expressed in control mice, but strongly expressed in AP mice. However, compared to the saline pre-treated AP mice, SSM pre-treated AP mice showed a significant reduction in HMGB-1 expression in the pancreatic tissue (Figure (Figure55).

Figure 5 Effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on pancreatic high-mobility group box protein-1 expression in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. A, B: 200 �� (A) and 400 �� (B) magnification of representative immunohistochemical data, detecting … Effect of SSM on inflammatory responses in the isolated pancreatic acinar cells The local inflammation caused in pancreatic acinar cells results in acinar cells death and organ destruction[8]. Thus, acinar cells death can be a hallmark of AP. To assess whether SSM water extract inhibits acinar cells death, we evaluated cell viability by using the MTT assay. At 1 h after SSM pretreatment, cerulein was added for 6 h into cultured acinar cells.

As shown in Figure Figure6A,6A, the number of cerulein- induced acinar cells death was significantly reduced Cilengitide by SSM (Figure (Figure6A).6A). Next, we also examined cytokine production in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Pretreatment with SSM inhibited the production of cytokines, such as TNF-�� and IL-1�� in a dose dependant (Figure (Figure6C6C and D). In addition, SSM inhibited the cerulein-induced HMGB-1 expression, which means SSM protected the acinar cells necrosis (Figure (Figure6E6E).