Hence, we evaluated these parameters in rats under RFS at three time points and under two feeding conditions: 1) before, 2) during, and 3) after the FAA. Experimental results were also compared with a control group subjected to a simple 24-h period

of fasting. We found that during the FAA: 1) A partial reduction of hepatic glycogen and almost a complete disappearance of triacylglycerols in comparison to the 24-h fasted rats; 2) The water content was decreased, but at the same time the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes augmented; 3) The hepatocyte cytoplasm displayed rounded mitochondria bearing very electron-dense matrices and a hypertrophy of the Ivacaftor ic50 smooth Idasanutlin concentration endoplasmic reticulum. Results Somatometry Table 1 shows the values of body weight reached by the control and experimental animals. After 3 weeks, control groups fed ad libitum reached corporal weights between 320 and 340 g, which represented an increase of ≈ 120% over their weight at the beginning of the experiment (≈ 150 g). No significant differences were detected among the three times tested (08:00, 11:00, and 14:00 h). The other control group, the 24-h fasting

rats, showed a moderate diminution in body weight of 10%. In contrast, rats under RFS showed significantly lower body weights, 180-195 g before feeding (08:00 and 11:00 h) and 242-251 g after feeding (14:00 h). Considering the initial weight of

≈ 150 g, the values corresponded to an increase in corporal weight of ≈ 25% before feeding and ≈ 64% after feeding. These data indicate that the rats under RFS show a daily oscillation of approximately one third of their weight due to the marked hyperphagia displayed and the water drunk in the 2-h period when they have access to food. The results of body weights clearly show that the animals under RFS were smaller than control rats fed ad libitum, but at the same time, they also indicate that our experimental protocol did allow a slight growth in the RFS rats. Table 1 Change of body weight (BW) of rats after 3 weeks under restricted feeding schedules. Treatment Initial BW (g) Final BW (g) Δ BW (%) Food ad libitum       08:00 h 151 ± 3 320 ± 21 Montelukast Sodium 169 (112%) 11:00 h 150 ± 2 329 ± 26 179 (119%) 14:00 h 153 ± 2 337 ± 31 184 (120%) Food restricted schedule       08:00 h 150 ± 2 182 ± 17* 32 (21%)* 11:00 h 151 ± 3 192 ± 20* 41 (27%)* 14:00 h 149 ± 1 246 ± 23*+ 97 (65%)*+ 24 h Fasting       11:00 h 321 ± 4 298 ± 3 -23 (-7%) Values are means ± SE for 6 independent observations. Male Wistar rats were under food restriction for three weeks. Food access from 12:00 to 14:00 h. Control groups included rats fed ad libitum and rats fasted for 24 h. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of 6 independent determinations.