Our findings also led to the hypothesis

that, if the expression of neuropsychological risk indicators in the relatives was due to an underlying genotype not present, in the controls, then the neuropsychological indicators of the schizophrenia genotype would intercorrelate to a greater degree within the relative group than within the control group.8 At the time of this more recent analysis, the sample had increased to 54 relatives of patients with schizophrenia. In the larger sample, the relatives continued to display significantly lower mean scores than the control group on abstraction skills, memory (verbal and visual), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and auditory attention. Within the relative group, we found significant intercorrelations among skills of abstraction, verbal memory, and auditory attention, both within and between these functions. In addition, the significant, correlations among relatives between attention Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and verbal memory and between attention and abstraction differed significantly from these correlations in the control group. Thus, the greater level of cooccurrence between these putative neuropsychological risk indicators within the high-risk group provides further support for their status as risk indicators of the same underlying vulnerability to schizophrenia. Some recent studies9 suggest that men with schizophrenia may have greater neuropsychological Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical deficits than Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical women. It is not known,

however, whether similar sex differences may be present in biological relatives of patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that if sex differences were present, they would be accounted for largely by deficits in male relatives. We were particularly interested in the three neuropsychological functions that we identified as putative neuropsychological Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia. In fact, we found significant group-by-sex interactions for verbal memory and motor function, and trends toward significant, interactions for auditory attention and mental control/encoding.9 Notably, with the exception of motor function, it. was the female 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase relatives who accounted for most of the impairment.

A speculative explanation for the findings is that women may have a higher threshold than men for developing schizophrenia. If so, female relatives might, be able to withstand greater impairments than men Alpelisib order before developing psychotic symptoms. Consequently, in a sample that was limited to nonpsychotic relatives, there could be overrepresentation of both less impaired men and more impaired women. Stability of neuropsychological deficits The neuropsychological studies discussed thus far used data from a baseline assessment. These were extended recently, in two ways.10 First, by completing a. follow-up study, we tested the hypothesis that neuropsychological deficits among adult relatives of schizophrenic patients would be stable over time.