PubMedCrossRef 38. Madsen K, Cornish A, Soper P, McKaigney C, Jijon H, Yachimec C, Doyle J, Jewell L, De Simone C: Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier Selleckchem Fer-1 function. Gastroenterology 2001, 121:580–591.PubMedCrossRef

39. de Los Reyes-Gavilan CG, Suarez A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Margolles A, Gueimonde M, Ruas-Madiedo P: Adhesion of bile-adapted Bifidobacterium strains to the HT29-MTX cell line is modified after sequential gastrointestinal challenge simulated in vitro using human gastric and duodenal juices. Res Microbiol 2011, 162:514–519.PubMedCrossRef 40. Mirold S, Ehrbar K, Weissmuller A, Prager R, Tschape H, Russmann H, Hardt WD: Salmonella host cell invasion emerged by acquisition of a mosaic of separate genetic elements, including Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), SPI5, and sopE2. J Bacteriol 2001, 183:2348–2358.PubMedCrossRef 41. Peng L, He Z, Chen W, Holzman IR, Lin J: Effects of butyrate on intestinal barrier function in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model

of intestinal barrier. Pediatr Res 2007, 61:37–41.PubMedCrossRef 42. Touré R, Kheadr E, Lacroix C, Moroni O, Fliss I: Production of antibacterial substances by bifidobacterial isolates from infant stool active against Listeria monocytogenes . J Appl Microbiol 2003, 95:1058–1069.PubMedCrossRef 43. Fallingborg J, Christensen LA, Ingeman-Nielsen M, Jacobsen BA, Abildgaard K, Rasmussen HH, Rasmussen SN: Measurement of gastrointestinal pH and regional transit times in normal children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol

NF-��B inhibitor Nutr 1990, 11:211–214.PubMedCrossRef 44. Wagener S, Shankar KR, Turnock RR, Lamont GL, Baillie CT: Colonic transit time–what is normal? J Pediatr Surg 2004, 39:166–169. discussion 166–169PubMedCrossRef 45. Lesuffleur T, Barbat A, Dussaulx E, Zweibaum A: Growth adaptation to methotrexate of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells is associated with their ability to differentiate into columnar absorptive and mucus-secreting Edoxaban cells. Verubecestat Cancer Res 1990, 50:6334–6343.PubMed 46. Van de Wiele TR, Verstraete W, Siciliano SD: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release from a soil matrix in the in vitro gastrointestinal tract. J Environ Qual 2004, 33:1343–1353.PubMedCrossRef 47. Kim KP, Loessner MJ: Enterobacter sakazakii invasion in human intestinal Caco-2 cells requires the host cell cytoskeleton and is enhanced by disruption of tight junction. Infect Immun 2008, 76:562–570.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions AZ, MG, CC and CL conceived the study. AZ and MG carried out the experiments. AZ, MG, CL and CC analyzed results and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Microbial biofilm formation is an important virulence mechanism, which allows immune evasion and survival against antibiotic treatments [1, 2]. Many bacterial nosocomial infections are associated with biofilms formed on contaminated medical devices. Dispersal of biofilm has also been proposed to augment infection spread [3–8].