Scaling of the charge flux trace adjusted to match the CO2 uptake trace in Copanlisib research buy the low-intensity range. b Comparison of light response curves of P515 indicated charge flux and CO2 uptake. Based on original data in a. c Relationship between the rates of P515 indicated charge flux and CO2 uptake as a function of light intensity. Derived from the original data in a As the CO2 uptake signal is a measure of the rate of linear electron transport (LEF) and the charge flux signal proportional to proton efflux via the ATP-synthase (as long as Q-cycle is obligatory), the slope of the x–y plot in Fig. 8c may be considered as a relative inverse measure of the H+/e − ratio of photosynthetic

electron transport. Possibly, while being almost constant at light intensities up to approximately 200 μmol m−2 s−1, the H+/e − declines significantly at

higher intensities. The simultaneously measured changes of the P515 signal, which under the given conditions (long-term pre-illuminated sample) should not show any significant zeaxanthin changes, suggest that in the same range of intensities where H+/e − declines, there is a large increase of the overall pmf. It may be speculated that a facultative pathway of coupled alternative (i.e., not CO2 reducing) electron transport either is controlled by the pmf or simply saturating at high PAR (e.g., “over-reduction” of a cyclic PS I electron transport chain). Alternatively, if the Q-cycle was facultative (Berry and Rumberg 1999), it could be suppressed when a certain pmf has been built up. These explanations, however, should be considered tentative, STI571 as they probably are not exclusive for the presented data. While it is not possible to directly calculate an electron transport rate from the ECS-indicated proton-motive Niclosamide charge flux without

detailed information on PS II/m2 and the PS I/PS II ratio, based on the observed curvi-linear relationship between charge flux and CO2 uptake signals, and calibration of the former by the latter, electron transport rates can be readily estimated from charge flux measurements. Comparison of CO2 uptake and charge flux: CO2 response curves Simultaneous measurements of CO2 uptake and P515 indicated charge flux as a function of CO2 concentration were carried out in the presence of 2.1 and 21 % O2 using a close to saturating light intensity of 1,120 μmol m−2 s−1. As shown in Fig. 9a, at 2.1 % O2 the shapes of the two CO2 response curves are quite similar, when the peak values Thiazovivin price around 300 μmol mol−1 are normalized. The largest relative deviations were found at very low CO2 concentrations. They were strongly enhanced when the oxygen concentration was 21 % instead of 2.1 % O2, which can be explained by enhanced photorespiration. The ratio of oxygenation to carboxylation increases with decreasing CO2 concentration. However, also stimulation of the Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase cycle (MAP cycle) may be involved. Fig.