Stimulation sites eliciting a Stroop effect are compared with published image-based data, and insight provided by these surgical data regarding ACC function and plasticity is discussed. No operative complication related to intraoperative administration of the Stroop test was observed.

CONCLUSION: Administration of the Stroop test during resection of gliomas involving the ACC in adult patients is an option for intraoperative monitoring of executive functions during awake surgery. Globally, these results suggest functional compensation, mediated by plasticity mechanisms, by contralateral homologous regions of the ACC in adult patients with frontal

glioma.”
“Leaflets of Sphagnum capillifolium were exposed to temperatures from -5A degrees C to +60A degrees C under controlled conditions while mounted on a microscope stage. The resultant cytological response to these temperature SP600125 treatments CH5424802 was successfully monitored using a light and fluorescence microscope. In addition to the observable cytological changes during freezing cytorrhysis and heat exposure on the leaflets, the concomitant critical temperature thresholds for inactivation of photosystem II (PS II) were studied using a micro fibre optic and a chlorophyll fluorometer mounted to the microscope stage. Chlorophyllous cells of S. capillifolium showed extended freezing cytorrhysis immediately after ice nucleation at -1.1A degrees C in the

water in which the leaflets were submersed during the measurement. The occurrence of freezing cytorrhysis, which was visually manifested by cell shrinkage, was highly dynamic and was completed within 2 s. A total reduction of the mean projected diameter of the chloroplast containing area during freezing cytorrhysis from 8.9 to 3.8 mu m indicates a cell volume reduction of approximately -82%. Simultaneous Etomidate measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence of PS II was possible even through the frozen water in which the leaf samples were submersed. Freezing cytorrhysis was accompanied by a sudden rise of basic chlorophyll fluorescence. The critical freezing

temperature threshold of PS II was identical to the ice nucleation temperature (-1.1A degrees C). This is significantly above the temperature threshold at which frost damage to S. capillifolium leaflets occurs (-16.1A degrees C; LT(50)) which is higher than observed in most higher plants from the European Alps during summer. High temperature thresholds of PS II were 44.5A degrees C which is significantly below the heat tolerance of chlorophyllous cells (49.9A degrees C; LT(50)). It is demonstrated that light and fluorescence microscopic techniques combined with simultaneous chlorophyll fluorescence measurements may act as a useful tool to study heat, low temperature, and ice-encasement effects on the cellular structure and primary photosynthetic processes of intact leaf tissues.