The chemical composition of the sample surface was revealed in the wide scan spectra. The variation of the atomic composition with film depth was obtained by
SHM and its related NDE approaches are becoming increasingly important for maintaining the safety and integrity of infrastructures and complex systems that are configured with sophisticated data systems for electronics, propulsion, controls and other critical subsystems. In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the potential for using these data capabilities, in conjunction with emerging sensor and data management technologies for in situ health monitoring of material condition. However, SHM/NDE for the identification and characterization of structural degradation presents unique challenges.
An understanding of potential damage mechanisms, structural design criteria, fail-safe features and structural maintenance philosophy is needed to develop a sensor-based system, so that the structural condition can be effectively monitored. Another challenge is how to provide real-time, accurate and quantitative image information about the damage.The concept of multi-wave imaging was proposed independently by various groups in the physics community, in which one form of wave energy serves as the excitation source of the other. For example, in thermo-inductive imaging, absorbed electromagnetic radiation by induction causes a transient change in temperature that can be inspected by transient infrared thermography. Because of the way the waves are combined, multi-wave imaging has the potential to produce a single image with better contrast and higher spatial or spectral resolutions.
Although it was initially introduced as a way to improve biomedical diagnostic capabilities [3], multi-wave imaging opens new avenues in the fields of SHM and NDE and provides a new direction for quantitative imaging, due to its superior outcomes compared to conventional imaging results.As mentioned before, the multi-wave phenomenon is based on the effect that the interaction of one kind of wave with objects under testing can generate a second kind of wave, while hybrid imaging has a broader definition that strategically combines multiple imaging methods to achieve better fusion of information or, specifically, better detection in NDE and SHM problems.
One success in the medical imaging Dacomitinib society is the wide use of PET/CT imaging and the forthcoming PET/MR hybrid systems that give both abundant functional and anatomical details of the object. Generally speaking, the combination of different imaging techniques into one hybrid platform is beneficial to the imaging quality and speed and even makes simultaneous data acquisition possible. With minimal effort on image registration, the following data analysis and post-processing can be significantly eased compared to individual image acquisition.