The cytoplasmic projection plays a structural role in linking the male germ unit, but potentially plays other important roles. Recently, it has been speculated that

the cytoplasmic projection and the male germ unit may facilitate communication between the somatic vegetative cell nucleus and the germinal sperm cells, via RNA and/or protein transport. This review focuses on the nature of the sperm cell cytoplasmic projection and the potential communicative function of the male germ unit.”
“A Monte Carlo (MC) model was developed and implemented to simulate the thermalization of electrons in inorganic scintillator materials. The model incorporates electron scattering with both longitudinal optical and acoustic phonons. In this paper, the MC model was applied to simulate electron thermalization in CsI, both pure and doped with a range of thallium concentrations. The inclusion of internal electric fields was shown to increase the fraction of recombined electron-hole Emricasan purchase pairs and to broaden the thermalization distance and thermalization time BEZ235 purchase distributions. The MC simulations indicate

that electron thermalization, following gamma-ray excitation, takes place within approximately 10 ps in CsI and that electrons can travel distances up to several hundreds of nanometers. Electron thermalization was studied for a range of incident gamma-ray energies using electron-hole pair spatial distributions generated by the MC code NWEGRIM (NorthWest Electron and Gamma Ray Interaction in Matter). These simulations revealed that the partition of thermalized electrons between different species (e.g., recombined with self-trapped find more holes or trapped at thallium sites) vary with the incident energy. Implications for the phenomenon of nonlinearity in scintillator light yield are discussed. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3632969]“
“Objective

To evaluate if immunocytochemical expression of K bomology domain containing protein overexpresssed in cancer (KOC) in biliary brushings and fine needle aspiration improves the diagnostic

capability of cytology for intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm (IPMN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).

Study Design

Fourteen PDAs, 15 IPMNs and 7 chronic panrcreatitis cases were obtained. 7 he cytology smears and surgical specimens were stained with antibody to KOC (1:500). The intensity (Scale 0-3+) and percentage of cells staining were evaluated in pathologic lesions, and diffuse (>75% of cells) staining of 3+ intensity was considered positive.

Results

There was 100% specificity for diagnosing PDA. The sensitivity was greater in histology (79 h) than cytology (71%). All chronic pancreatitis and IPMN cases, including IPMN with. high grade dysplasia, were negative. Benign epithelium adjacent to PDA or IPMN was also negative.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that PDA am he differentiated from IPMN and benign ductal epithelium using KOC expression.