The independent variables investigated as possible predictors for the outcome were gender, age, CD, bacterial and viral co-detection during clinical course, initiation of oseltamivir before and after 48 hours of signs and symptoms, and abnormalities in report of chest X-ray at admission (diffuse www.selleckchem.com/btk.html interstitial infiltrate, consolidation, or both). “Use of oseltamivir” was considered only in patients who actually received medication in the correct dose for 5 days. Correct doses were, for those older than 1 year, 75, 60, 45, and 30 (mg) twice daily for weight rangers greater than 40 kg, 23-40 kg, 15-23 kg, and less than 15 kg, respectively. In children younger than 1 year of age, the doses considered correct

were 25, 20, and 12 mg twice daily for ages 6-11, 3-5, and less than 3 months, respectively.15 It was decided to define bacterial and viral Stem Cell Compound Library cost co-detection instead of co-infection since the causal link between pathogen detection and disease is not always possible. Bacterial co-detection was defined as

a positive culture for a possible pathogen in respiratory secretions, blood, or other sterile fluid. Viral co-detection was defined as the finding of one or more different viruses detected in respiratory secretion samples determined by RT-PCR or DFA. Performing DFA can detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza 1 to 3, adenovirus, and influenza A and B. Tests were performed in the same specimens by RT-PCR in the majority of cases, or, at most, 48 hours apart. Chronic diseases were defined as diagnosis of chronic cardiac and respiratory disorders, neurologic impairment, chronic renal insufficiency, malignancy, and immunosuppression based on the diagnosis provided on the charts. As a secondary objective, patients’ deaths were described in detail, as well as the performance of DFA for influenzaA(H1N1)pdm09, comparing

to RT-PCR. With a convenience sample of 130 patients, expecting that 25% of the children will need MV, a risk of 2.5 between the predictor variables and the outcome was detected. Demographics were summarized MYO10 as mean or median and interquartile range according to their distribution. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to analyze the relationships between the main outcome (use of MV) and the predictor variables (gender, age, CD, presence of viral co-detection, use of oseltamivir, and abnormal chest X-ray).16 The Wald’s test was used to assess statistical significance. Initially, all covariates that presented p < 0.10 were included in the multivariate model. The next step was the individual exclusion of the covariates that presented critical p-values (values that were not significant). This step was repeated until all variables remaining in the model presented p < 0.05. For statistical analysis, the cut-off probability for rejecting the null hypothesis was defined as less than 5% (p < 0.05).