The resulting publications highlight the variety of approaches taken by NITAGs and provide examples, successes and challenges faced by these groups. The articles also provide information from an evolving group of committees that were formed as early as the 1960s (in the case of Canada, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to within the past 10 years (in the case of India, Oman, South Africa, and Switzerland); when reading committee descriptions and processes, the reader should keep differences in the duration of committee existence in mind. The reader also should keep in mind this synthesis includes data from in-depth reporting provided

by a few countries while the article CX-5461 cell line by Bryson et al. [1] provides a broader but less detailed overview. Consequently, the data in the two articles are not necessarily directly comparable. All of the NITAGs reviewed here have an established record of providing support and guidance on vaccine and immunization-related issues to national Selleckchem Duvelisib decision makers. This has been achieved despite considerable differences in committee structure, function, and responsibilities. The article included here by Duclos [18] on WHO guidance for NITAGs, through its flexible recommendations, recognizes that local contexts may require a variety of approaches by countries to maximize

the influence of NITAGs on the decision-making process. For the purposes of this document we will use the term Ministry of Health (MOH) to refer to government decision-making bodies existing within the central government or executive branch. Additionally, not every country has a committee with responsibilities limited to immunizations and vaccines. Nevertheless, we will use the term NITAG to refer to all committees. All of the NITAGs included in this supplement report a federal government-sanctioned basis for their creation. Two basic models exist, namely ministerial or executive

branch decree or a legislative act. Electron transport chain The former is by far more common with only the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, and Sri Lanka indicating the existence of a law authorizing committee creation. The vast majority of NITAGs report operating under specific mandates or terms of reference. The relative merits of broad versus narrow mandates are subject to debate, and both models have advantages and disadvantages. Ten of the committees report that their mandate is limited to vaccines and immunizations (often including immunoglobulins) while five have broader mandates to work in other areas of communicable disease control. The broadest mandate reported is that for China, which included recommendations on vaccines and immunizations, recommendations on other communicable diseases, design and implementation of education and research studies, vaccine preventable disease surveillance policy, outbreak response, and programmatic issues such as vaccine supply.