The total antioxidant capacity was expressed as the number of equivalents

of ascorbic acid (AA) per gram of dry extracts. The total antioxidant capacity of R. aquatica and A. heyneanus was 74.1 mg AA/g dry weight and 64.14 mg AA/g dry weight, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging was found in the methanolic extracts of both the tested plants and expressed as IC50. The methanolic extract of R. aquatica with an IC50 value of 19.8 μg/ml proved to be an effective free radical scavenger than BHA and A. heyneanus. The IC50 values of BHA and A. heyneanus were 29.8 and 38.06 μg/ml, respectively. It is evident from the study, that the investigated extracts have the ability to quench free radicals. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the ABTS free radical scavenging method. 7 The IC50 value for A. heyneanus Erlotinib manufacturer was 124.92 μg/ml and that of R. aquatica was 171.62 μg/ml. In terms of β-carotene bleaching effect, the investigated plant extracts at a concentration of 500 μg/ml exhibited the following order: Quercetin > A. heyneanus leaves > R. aquatica stem ( Fig. 1). The antioxidant activity was expressed as the percentage inhibition

of β-carotene bleaching. The leaf extracts of A. heyneanus exhibited a marked antioxidant activity (92.22%) close to that of quercetin (93.51%), while the stem extract of R. aquatica was less MK-2206 datasheet active, with antioxidant activity of 81.74%. The presence of antioxidants such as phenolics can prevent the extent of β-carotene bleaching by ‘‘neutralizing” the linoleate free radical and other free radicals formed within the system. 8 Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation is a good system for assessing antioxidant activity of different extracts.

The tested plant extracts A. heyneanus and R. aquatica at a concentration of 500 μg/ml prevented or inhibited peroxidation by 91.85% and 89.20%, respectively, whereas quercetin inhibited lipid peroxidation by 97.26%. In the DNA protection assay, the effect of free radicals generated by Fenton’s reaction on calf thymus DNA in presence and absence of extracts was studied (Fig. 2). Native Amisulpride calf thymus DNA without any treatment was seen as an intact band (lane a). The hydroxyl radicals attack calf thymus DNA resulting in strand cleavage, seen as a streaking band (lane c). Quercetin used as positive control showed complete protection of DNA at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (lane b). The extracts A. heyneanus and R. aquatica (lanes f and e, respectively) exhibited moderate DNA protection activity at 500 μg/ml and at 1 mg/ml (lanes g and h) showed complete DNA protection which seen as intact DNA bands. The investigated plant extracts have exhibited dose dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity which is responsible for the prevention of DNA strand cleavage. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of A. heyneanus and stem of R.