2 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). In this study, 418 neonates (198 males and 220 females) and their mothers were included. Characteristics of the neonates and their parents are

described in Table 1. Almost all neonates (97.61%) were term infants. Most newborns (97.4%) got 10 scores in the Apgar test at 5 minutes after birth. Average age of the mothers was 27.13 ± 3.19 years. All women ate fish at least once a week throughout pregnancy, and most fish consumed was oceanic (95.22%). None of mothers consumed alcohol or smoked during pregnancy. About 2.15% mothers and 3.11% fathers have history of occupational mercury exposure, and 58.37% and 55.02% fathers were smokers and drinkers, respectively. About 4.07% fathers had a family history of hereditary

disease. Monthly household income per capita was >2000 renminbi in Selleckchem 17-AAG most participants (56.22%). Table 2 presents total mercury levels in maternal urine, hair, and blood and cord Natural Product Library blood. Cord blood mercury was significantly higher than maternal blood mercury (t = −14.60; P < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found among the four biomakers of mercury exposure ( Table 3). There was a strong correlation between maternal blood mercury and cord blood mercury (r = 0.7431; P < 0.0001). Other biomakers had relatively small correlation coefficients, and there was a statistically significant difference (all P < 0.05). Frequency of maternal fish intake during pregnancy was correlated with total mercury in maternal urinary (r = 0.3452; P < 0.0001), maternal hair (r = 0.1146; P = 0.0191), maternal blood (r = 0.4960; P < 0.0001), and umbilical cord blood (r = 0.6501; P < 0.0001) ( Table 4). Trend analysis revealed

that mothers who consumed more fish had higher blood and cord blood mercury levels ( Fig 1). Significant differences were found between male (F = 84.18; P < 0.0001) and female (F = 62.74; P < 0.0001) cord blood mercury levels among groups with different fish consumption frequencies ( Fig 2). Of the 418 neonates, 106 (25.36%) had a maximum Galactosylceramidase NBNA score of 40 at 3 days of age. The maximum score rates of primary reflexes and general assessment were 94.98% and 96.89%, respectively. Maximum score rates for passive muscle tone and active muscle tone were 74.64% and 65.55%, respectively. Only 49.04% of infants had a maximum behavior score. Median total NBNA scores were 38 for both male and female infants. Linear regression analysis revealed that total NBNA scores were significantly related to cord blood mercury level (β = 0.03; SE = 0.01) after adjustment (Table 5). Cord blood mercury level was significantly associated with passive muscle tone (odds ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.13; P = 0.0071) and active muscle tone (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.11; P = 0.0170) scores after adjustment, respectively ( Table 5).