The schizophrenia group was outperformed by healthy controls on all AIPSS measures, reaching statistical significance for sending skills. Exploration of the internal relationship between different aspects of social problem-solving showed that identification of an interpersonal problem (a receiving skill) was not correlated

with formulating solutions to the problem (processing skills) or successfully role-playing solutions (interpersonal sending skills). Nonverbal performance in the role-play (an interpersonal sending Selleckchem CH5424802 skill) was not significantly correlated with identification of an interpersonal problem or the generation of solutions. This suggests a dissociation of social problem-solving processes. Social problem-solving was significantly associated with psychomotor speed, verbal teaming, semantic fluency and cognitive flexibility. Clinical implications are that remediation of social problem-solving skills should focus on role-playing (nonverbal) interpersonal behaviors, rather than on verbally analyzing an interpersonal problem and clarifying alternative solutions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic syringomyelia Ispinesib molecular weight affects approximately 28% of spinal cord injury patients, and current treatments are often ineffective. The pathogenesis of this condition

remains poorly understood. Previous reports have focused on pathways and mechanisms of fluid inflow; however, disturbances of

fluid outflow mechanisms and pathways may be important in syrinx formation and enlargement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the route of fluid outflow from a syrinx in an animal model of posttraumatic syringomyelia.

METHODS: A model of posttraumatic syringomyelia using excitotoxic amino acid and kaolin-induced arachnoiditis was created in 12 Merino wethers. Six weeks after syrinx induction, the cavities were localized and a cerebrospinal fluid tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was injected into the syrinx under ultrasonic guidance. After 10 minutes, the animals were killed and the spinal cords harvested for microscopy.

RESULTS: An extracanalicular syrinx developed in 6 of the 12 sheep. HRP was successfully injected into 5 of the 6 syrinx cavities. HRP reaction Niclosamide product was observed in gray and white matter adjacent to the syrinx in a diffuse pattern. There were moderate amounts of HRP around the central canal and perivascular spaces and minimal amounts in the dorsal subarachnoid space.

CONCLUSION: In this model of posttraumatic syringomyelia, fluid outflow occurred in a diffuse manner into the surrounding extracellular space and toward the central canal and perivascular spaces. Fluid outflow may be an important consideration in the pathogenesis of syringomyelia and the development of new therapies.”
“Viruses frequently exploit host cell cycle machineries for their own benefit, often by targeting ‘master switches’ of cell cycle regulation.