When the role that individuals play in each interaction is chosen at random, our analysis shows that each individual receives a fraction corresponding to

at least 1/2-c of the resource at evolutionary equilibrium, where c represents the cost of postponing the interaction. A quasi-fair division thus evolves as long as c is low. We show that fairness, in this model, is a consequence of the existence of an outside option for dominated individuals: namely the possibility of playing on terms more favorable to them MK5108 purchase in the future if they reject the current interaction. We discuss the interpretation and empirical implications of this result for the case of human behavior. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Recently we described identification and characterization of GDSL esterase EstA from psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A. Attempts to obtain heterologous overexpression of this enzyme in Escherichia coli system were not satisfactory. The EstA protein was expressed as inclusion bodies, most of that were inactive after purification step, and the recovery of esterolytic activity was very low after refolding. Based on the sequence analysis we found that the esterase EstA gene is clustered mTOR inhibitor with three genes encoding components of ABC transport system. These genes, designated abc1, abc2, and abc3 encode an ATP-binding protein (ABC1) and

two permease proteins (ABC2 and ABC3). In present study, to obtain larger amounts of the active cold-adapted EstA esterase from clonidine Pseudoalteromonas

sp. 643A, we designed a two-plasmid E. coli expression system where the gene encoding EstA enzyme was cloned into pET30b(+) expression vector and three genes encoding components of ABC transport system were cloned into pACYC-pBAD vector. It was shown that the created expression system was useful for extracellular production of active EstA enzyme which was purified from the culture medium. In the presence of all the three transporter proteins the secretion of EstA was at the highest level. When one or two of these components were missing, EstA secretion was also possible, but not so effective. It indicates that ABC2 and ABO proteins of Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A could be replaced with their homologous proteins of E. coli. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The perceptual processing of faces was studied using event-related potentials (ERPs) in 12 elderly patients with cognitive impairment, 15 elderly adults and 16 young adults in order to explore the sensitivity of N170/VPP to the cognitive decline associated to Alzheimer’s disease. Famous and unknown faces were presented in a familiarity categorization task. Eight patients and 11 elderly adults repeated this task to obtain longitudinal data. Topographical effects were analyzed using PCA.