CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that

thigh SAT and I

\n\nCONCLUSION: The findings suggest that

thigh SAT and IMF serve as insulation against propagation of current during HKI-272 surface NMES applications in individuals with SCI.”
“Aim Owing to their role as insect predators, web-building spiders can be important biological control agents within agricultural systems. In complex tropical agroecosystems such as agroforests, management determines plant architecture, vegetation composition and associated ant density, but little is known on how these attributes, together with landscape context, determine spider web density. We hypothesized that all three spatial scales and the presence of Philidris ants significantly contribute to the explanation of spider web density this website with web types being differently affected.\n\nLocation In 42 differently managed cacao agroforestry systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia.\n\nMethods We surveyed the distribution of five spider-web types on 420 cacao trees to determine how these relate to habitat variables and a numerically dominant

ant species at three different spatial scales, comparing tree, plot and landscape features. We fitted linear mixed-effects model, selected the best model subset using information-theoretic criteria and calculated the model-averaged estimates. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to determine and visualize guild level responses to the effects of the tree, plot and landscape-scale variables.\n\nResults The five spider guilds preferred different features of cacao tree architecture. Most frequently recorded webs belonged to the line-and orb-web type. At the tree scale, overall web density was positively related to canopy openness. At the plot scale, a higher number of shade trees was related to a higher web density. At the landscape scale, the altitude determined the distribution patterns of web-building spiders. Presence of Philidris ants was positively associated with density of orb webs, while no pattern was found for other web types.\n\nMain conclusions Results suggest spider web density could be increased

by pruning VX-689 of cacao trees while keeping shade trees at high density in cacao plots. The results emphasize the need to consider scale dependency of crop management and web-guild-specific responses that may be related to different functional roles of spiders as a high-density predator group in agroforestry.”
“The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by asymmetric cell division and the asymmetric inheritance of spindle components during normal vegetative growth and during certain specialized cell divisions. There has been a longstanding interest in the possibility that yeast chromosomes segregate non-randomly during mitosis and that some of the differences between mother and daughter cells could be explained by selective chromatid segregation. This review traces the history of the experiments to determine if there is biased chromatid segregation in yeast.

Aspirin at 2-5 mg/kg inhibits platelet function; AR in children i

Aspirin at 2-5 mg/kg inhibits platelet function; AR in children is rare and can be overcome by dose increase.”
“Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate are second messengers that regulate multiple physiological functions. The existence of additional cyclic nucleotides in mammalian cells was postulated many years ago, but technical problems hampered development of the field. Using highly specific and sensitive mass spectrometry methods,

selleck screening library soluble guanylyl cyclase has recently been shown to catalyze the formation of several cyclic nucleotides in vitro. This minireview discusses the broad substrate-specificity of soluble guanylyl cyclase and the possible second messenger roles of cyclic nucleotides other than adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. We hope that this article stimulates productive and critical research in an area that has been neglected for many years.”
“Introduction: The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence of colorectal cancers requiring care or follow-up.\n\nMaterials and methods: Prevalence was observed in 2005 on the

population-based digestive cancer registry of Burgundy (France). Total and 5-year partial prevalences were calculated. The prevalence of patients requiring follow-up was estimated using non-mixture cure models. The prevalence of patients with recurrence was estimated using annual recurrence rates.\n\nResults: Total prevalence was 262,244 cases in France. The mean variation in 5-year partial prevalence between Selleck AZD6738 successive 5-year periods was +8.0%. Time to cure was estimated to be 9.3 years, suggesting that follow-up is needed over a 10-year period, corresponding to 71.7% of prevalent cases. In 2005, 5.4% of prevalent cases had recurrent cancer requiring treatment.\n\nConclusion: This study underlines the burden of colorectal cancer on the health system. Prevalence of patients requiring follow-up or treatment provides interesting information in addition to classic indicators. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous selleck compound system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Interferon-beta (IFN-beta), a member of the type I IFN family, is used as a therapeutic for MS and the IFN signaling pathway is implicated in MS susceptibility. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is critical for the induction and positive feedback regulation of type I IFN. To establish whether and how endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to disease modulation and to better understand the underlying mechanism, we examined the role of IRF7 in the development of MS-like disease in mice.\n\nMethods: The role of IRF7 in development of EAE was studied by immunizing IRF7-KO and C57BL/6 (WT) mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein using a standard protocol for the induction of EAE.

Herein we describe protein profiles of bronchial biopsies to dete

Herein we describe protein profiles of bronchial biopsies to detect biomarkers of anti-IgE effects on AR and to explain potential mechanisms/pathways. We defined the bronchial biopsy protein profiles, before and after treatment. Unsupervised clustering

of baseline proteomes resulted in very good agreement with the morphometric analysis of AR. Protein profiles of omalizumab responders (ORs) were significantly different from those of non-omalizumab responders (NORs). The major differences between ORs and NORs lied to smooth muscle and extra cellular matrix proteins. Notably, an IgE-binding protein (galectin-3) BYL719 was reliable, stable and predictive biomarker of AR modulation. Omalizumab down-regulated bronchial smooth muscle proteins in SA. These findings suggest that omalizumab may exert disease-modifying effects on remodelling components. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Routine investigation for recurrent pregnancy loss

includes measurement of anti-phospholipid antibodies under the perception that the lupus anticoagulant (LAC) is prevalent in this population. Our tertiary clinic sees similar to 250 new patients with recurrent pregnancy loss annually, in addition to those with systemic lupus erythematosus PFTα and/or antiphospholipid syndrome. We measure LAC using a 4-assay panel that expands on the 2 assays recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostatis (ISTH) guidelines. Of 2257 patients tested for LAC during a 6-year period, 62 (2.7%) repeatedly tested positive. Only 5 patients (0.2%)

had both a history of early recurrent miscarriage and LAC positivity. Patients with LAC had a significantly more frequent history of thrombosis (35.5% vs 2.4%). LAC was absent in an overwhelming majority of women with exclusively early recurrent pregnancy BB-94 loss but was associated with sporadic stillbirth. Among our panel of assays, none was predominant, and an increasing number of positive assays was associated with an increased history of morbidity. Therefore, our results do not support the ISTH contention that 2 assays are sufficient to identify and describe patients with LAC. We found that a confirmed, repeated LAC was very infrequent even in a high-risk setting.”
“CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) control the activation and expansion of alloreactive and autoreactive T cell clones. Because uncontrolled activation and expansion of autoreactive T cells occur in an IL-7 rich environment, we explored the possibility that IL-7 may affect the function of Treg. We show that the functional high-affinity IL-7R is expressed on both naive and memory Tregs, and exposure to IL-7 results in STAT-5 phosphorylation. Naive, but not memory, Tregs proliferated greatly and acquired a memory phenotype in the setting of a suppression assay when IL-7 was present.

Inclusion of bone marrow fibrosis in patient assessment may furth

Inclusion of bone marrow fibrosis in patient assessment may further aid in risk-adapted therapeutic decisions.”
“The exposure and toxicological data used in human health risk assessment are obtained from diverse and heterogeneous sources. Complex mixtures found on contaminated sites

can pose a significant challenge to effectively assess the toxicity potential click here of the combined chemical exposure and to manage the associated risks. A data fusion framework has been proposed to integrate data from disparate sources to estimate potential risk for various public health issues. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data fusion framework, an illustrative example for a hydrocarbon mixture is presented. The Joint Directors of Laboratories Data Fusion LY2606368 in vitro architecture was selected as the data fusion architecture and Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) was chosen as the technique for data fusion. For neurotoxicity response analysis, neurotoxic metabolites toxicological data were fused with predictive toxicological data and then probability-boxes (p-boxes) were developed to represent the toxicity of each compound. The neurotoxic response was

given a rating of “low”, “medium” or “high”. These responses were then weighted by the percent composition in the illustrative F1 hydrocarbon mixture. The resulting p-boxes were fused according to DST’s mixture rule of combination. The fused p-boxes were fused again with toxicity data for n-hexane. The case study for F1 hydrocarbons illustrates how data fusion can help in the assessment of the health effects for complex mixtures with limited available data. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated in cetacean specimens stranded on the northwestern coast of Spain (European Atlantic coast) by analysis of 65 samples of large intestine from eight species.

The parasites were identified by direct immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and by STI571 chemical structure PCR amplification of the beta-giardin gene, the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the SSU-rDNA gene of Giardia and the SSU-rDNA gene of Cryptosporidium. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 7 (10.8 %) and 9 samples (13.8 %), respectively. In two samples, co-infection with both parasites was observed. Giardia duodenalis assemblages A, C, D and F, and Cryptosporidium parvum were identified. This is the first report of G. duodenalis in Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Kogia breviceps and Stenella coeruleoalba and also the first report of Cryptosporidium sp. in B. acutorostrata and of C. parvum in S. coeruleoalba and Tursiops truncatus. These results extend the known host range of these waterborne enteroparasites.

Summary The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is the likely r

Summary The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is the likely result of two coexisting processes: increased detection (apparent increase) and increased number of cases (true increase) due to unrecognized thyroid-specific carcinogens. To identify causal factors and to differentiate stationary cancers from those that will progress are major urgent requirements for both clinical and scientific purposes.”
“Cross-presentation of cellular

antigens is crucial for priming CD8(+) T cells, and generating immunity to intracellular pathogens-particularly viruses. It is unclear which intestinal phagocytes Aurora Kinase inhibitor perform this function in vivo. To address this, we examined dendritic cells (DCs) from the intestinal lymph of IFABP-tOVA232-4 mice, which express ovalbumin in small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Among lymph DCs (LDCs) only CD103(+) CD11b(+) CD8 alpha(+) DCs cross-present IEC-derived ovalbumin to CD8(+) OT-I T cells. Similarly, in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), cross-presentation of IEC-ovalbumin was limited to the CD11c(+) MHCIIhi CD8 alpha(+) migratory DCs, but absent from all other subsets, including the resident CD8 alpha(hi) DCs. Crucially, delivery of purified CD8 alpha(+) LDCs, but not other LDC subsets, into the MLN subcapsular lymphatic sinus induced proliferation of ovalbumin-specific,

gut-tropic CD8(+) Tcells in vivo. Finally, in 232-4 mice treated with R848, CD8 alpha(+) LDCs were uniquely able to SNX-5422 cross-prime interferon gamma-producing CD8(+) Tcells and drive their migration to the intestine. Our results clearly demonstrate that migrating CD8 alpha(+) Selleckchem Z-DEVD-FMK intestinal DCs are indispensable for cross-presentation of cellular antigens and, in conditions of inflammation, for the initial differentiation of effector CD8(+) T cells.

They may therefore represent an important target for the development of antiviral vaccinations.”
“We perform subsurface ablation of atherosclerotic plaque using ultrafast pulses. Excised mouse aortas containing atherosclerotic plaque were ablated with ultrafast near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to observe the ablation result, while the physical damage was inspected in histological sections. We characterize the effects of incident pulse energy on surface damage, ablation hole size, and filament propagation. We find that it is possible to ablate plaque just below the surface without causing surface damage, which motivates further investigation of ultrafast ablation for subsurface atherosclerotic plaque removal. (C)2015 Optical Society of America”
“Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a recognized public health problem, impacting up to 80% of US adults at some point in their lives. Patients with LBP are utilizing integrative health care such as spinal manipulation (SM).

Parameters of cortical excitability were evaluated at rest and at

Parameters of cortical excitability were evaluated at rest and at six points in time during the preparation of a simple finger movement. Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome displayed significantly reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition at rest, while no differences were apparent for unconditioned motor evoked potential

or intracortical facilitation. During the premovement phase, significant differences between groups were seen for single pulse motor evoked potential amplitudes and short-interval intracortical inhibition. Short-interval intracortical inhibition was reduced in the early phase of movement PF-562271 manufacturer preparation (similar to rest) followed by a transition towards more inhibition. Subsequently modulation of short-interval intracortical inhibition was comparable to controls, while corticospinal recruitment was reduced in later phases of movement preparation.

The present data support the hypothesis of motorcortical disinhibition in Gilles de la Tourette this website syndrome at rest. During performance of a motor task, patients start from an abnormally disinhibited level of short-interval intracortical inhibition early during movement preparation with subsequent modulation of inhibitory activity similar to healthy controls. We hypothesize that while at rest, abnormal subcortical inputs from aberrant striato-thalamic afferents target the motor cortex, during motor performance, motor cortical excitability most likely underlies top-down control from higher motor areas and prefrontal cortex, which override these abnormal subcortical inputs to guarantee adequate behavioural performance.”
“Tanaka H, Sejnowski TJ. Computing reaching dynamics in motor cortex with Cartesian Salubrinal molecular weight spatial coordinates. J Neurophysiol 109: 1182-1201, 2013. First published October 31, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00279.2012.-How neurons in the primary motor cortex control arm movements is not yet understood. Here we show that the equations of motion governing reaching simplify when expressed in spatial coordinates. In this fixed reference frame, joint torques are the sums

of vector cross products between the spatial positions of limb segments and their spatial accelerations and velocities. The consequences that follow from this model explain many properties of neurons in the motor cortex, including directional broad, cosinelike tuning, nonuniformly distributed preferred directions dependent on the workspace, and the rotation of the population vector during arm movements. Remarkably, the torques can be directly computed as a linearly weighted sum of responses from cortical motoneurons, and the muscle tensions can be obtained as rectified linear sums of the joint torques. This allows the required muscle tensions to be computed rapidly from a trajectory in space with a feedforward network model.

RESULTS The follow-up interval was 1,558 +/- 890 days (4 3 +/- 2

RESULTS The follow-up interval was 1,558 +/- 890 days (4.3 +/- 2.4 years). The incidence of VLSF was significantly higher in the patients with yellow plaque than in those without (8.1% vs. 1.6%; log rank p = 0.02). Multivariable analysis revealed the presence of yellow plaque (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.38; p = 0.02) and absence of statin therapy (HR: 3.25; p = 0.02) as risks of VLSF. CONCLUSIONS In-stent atherosclerosis evaluated by yellow plaque at 1 year after the implantation of DES and the absence of statin therapy were risks of VLSF. The underlying mechanism of VLSF appeared to be the progression of

atherosclerosis as demonstrated by the yellow plaque. (C) 2015 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.”
“Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key factors of innate immunity that detect pathogen invasion

www.selleckchem.com/products/ink128.html and trigger a host response. TLR4 can mediate a response through adaptor molecules, MyD88 or TRIF. In the present study, streptomycin-treated 4),D88(-/-), Tlr4(-/-), Trif(Lps2/Lps2), and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were infected with either Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing or non-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Moderate PD173074 mw to severe clinical signs of disease developed in MYD88(-/-) (n = 21/21), Tlr4(-/-) (n = 12/16), Trif(Lps2/Lps2) (n = 7/15) and WT mice (n = 6/20) infected with Stx-producing E. coli O157:H7 but not in mice inoculated with the Stx non-producing strain (n = 0/54, P < 0.001). MyD88(-/-) mice infected with Stx-producing E coli O157:H7 developed the most severe disease and had the highest bacterial burden. Hematological analysis of sick MyD88(-/-)

mice showed reduced red blood cell counts and reticulocytosis, suggesting hemolysis. Thrombocytopenia developed in MyD88(-/-), Trif(Lps2/Lps2), and WT mice, and creatinine levels were elevated in both MjlD88-1- and WT mice infected with the Stx-producing strain. Renal histopathology showed evidence of glomerular capillary congestion, tubular desquamation, and fibrinogen deposition, and intestinal histopathology showed mucosal injury, edema, and inflammation in sick mice. Administration of purified Stx2 to MyD88(-/-) and WT mice led to severe disease in both groups, suggesting that MyD88(-/-) mice are not more sensitive to Stx than WT Kinase Inhibitor Library ic50 mice. As MyD88(-/-) mice developed the most severe disease hematological and pathological changes, the results suggest that dysfunctional innate immune responses via MyD88 enhanced Stx-induced disease. (Am J Pathol 2008,173: 1428-1439; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071218)”
“Aloperine has been shown to inhibit 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced allergic contact dermatitis in BALB/c mice. In the present study, we further investigated the effect of aloperine on DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the histamine-in

The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the histamine-induced decreases in barrier function and lamellipodia protrusion frequency. SB203580 also

inhibited the histamine-induced decreases in withdrawal distance and velocity, and the subsequent actin fiber migration. These data suggest that histamine can reduce local lamellipodia protrusion activity through activation of p38 MAP kinase. The findings also suggest that local lamellipodia have a role in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway Furthermore, we provide evidence that actin stress fiber formation may be a reaction to, rather than a cause of, reduced endothelial barrier integrity.”
“The long-term effects of prazosin and losartan administration on blood pressure, trophicity of the heart and carotid arteries, and responses of the cardiovascular system to acetylcholine, were studied in Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Four-week-old rats were treated with prazosin (10 mg/kg b.w./day in tap water) or losartan (20 mg/kg b.w./day

in tap water) for 5-6 weeks. BP was measured by plethysmographic method. Ten animals of each group were subjected to in Compound C ic50 vivo studies and subsequent to morphological investigations. The right jugular vein was cannulated for administration of acetylcholine (0.1, 1, and 10 mu g). After perfusion with a glutaraldehyde fixative (120 mmHg), the carotid arteries were embedded in Durcupan ACM, and the inner diameter (ID), wall thickness (WT) (tunica intima and

media), cross sectional area (CSA) (tunica intima and media), and WT/ID ratio were calculated. In Wistar rats and SHRs, prazosin and losartan administration Ricolinostat produced a decrease in the blood pressure and trophicity of the heart. In Wistar rats, both drugs decreased the WT, CSA, and the WT/ID ratio. In addition, these drugs increased the circumferential stress of the artery without affecting the ID. In contrast, in the SHRs, only losartan administration produced these effects. Importantly, both the drugs improved the responses to acetylcholine in SHRs.”
“During cell migration, forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton are transmitted through adhesion complexes to the substrate. To investigate the mechanism of force generation and transmission, we analyzed the relationship between actin network velocity and traction forces at the substrate in a model system of persistently migrating fish epidermal keratocytes. Front and lateral sides of the cell exhibited much stronger coupling between actin motion and traction forces than the trailing cell body. Further analysis of the traction-velocity relationship suggested that the force transmission mechanisms were different in different cell regions: at the front, traction was generated by a gripping of the actin network to the substrate, whereas at the sides and back, it was produced by the network’s slipping over the substrate.

Methods The cultured A375 human melanoma cells were randomly assi

Methods The cultured A375 human melanoma cells were randomly assigned to control and tacrolimus treatment groups (10, 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) nmol/L). The cell proliferation was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Melanin content was measured with NaOH method. Transwell migration assay was used to measure cell migration. The expression of c-KIT mRNA and protein were measured with real-time

fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results The cell proliferation of the 10(3) and 10(4) nmol/L tacrolimus groups were significantly lower (0.666 +/- 0.062 and 0.496 +/- 0.038) as compared with the control (0.841 +/- 0.110, P smaller than 0.05). The mean melanin content in all groups treated with different concentration of tacrolimus (10, 10(2), 10(3), 10(4) nmol/L) increased compared with the control group (P smaller than 0.05). INCB28060 Dose-dependent increase in cell migration were seen in all tacrolimus-treated groups (P smaller

than 0.01). The expression of c-KIT mRNA level in A375 cells exposed to tacrolimus (103 and 104 nmol/L) had significantly increased by 3.03-fold and 3.19-fold respectively compared with the control (P smaller than 0.05). Conclusions Although tacrolimus had no effects on cell proliferation on A375 human melanoma cells, it could increase selleck kinase inhibitor the melanin content and cell migration. The expression of c-KIT mRNA and protein increased dose-dependently in tacrolimus-treated groups as compared with the control. Our study demonstrated that tacrolimus could enhance the melanogenesis MI-503 price and cell migration on A375 cells.”
“Purpose: To compare the extent of tumor motion between 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) and cine-MRI in patients with hepatic tumors treated with radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: Patients with liver tumors who underwent 4DCT and 2-dimensional biplanar cine-MRI scans during simulation were retrospectively reviewed

to determine the extent of target motion in the superior-inferior, anteriore-posterior, and lateral directions. Cine-MRI was performed over 5 minutes. Tumor motion from MRI was determined by tracking the centroid of the gross tumor volume using deformable image registration. Motion estimates from 4DCT were performed by evaluation of the fiducial, residual contrast (or liver contour) positions in each CT phase. Results: Sixteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n=11), cholangiocarcinoma (n=3), and liver metastasis (n=2) were reviewed. Cine-MRI motion was larger than 4DCT for the superior-inferior direction in 50% of patients by a median of 3.0 mm (range, 1.5-7 mm), the anterior-posterior direction in 44% of patients by a median of 2.5 mm (range, 1-5.5 mm), and laterally in 63% of patients by a median of 1.1 mm (range, 0.2-4.5 mm).

We evaluated

microparticle effects on endothelial functio

We evaluated

microparticle effects on endothelial function; however, links between circulating selleck microparticles and endothelial dysfunction have not yet been demonstrated. Circulating microparticles and their cellular origins were examined by flow cytometry of blood samples from patients and healthy subjects. Microparticles were used either to treat human endothelial cells in vitro or to assess endothelium function in mice after intravenous injection. MS patients had increased circulating levels of microparticles compared with healthy patients, including microparticles from platelet, endothelial, erythrocyte, and procoagulant origins. In vitro treatment of endothelial cells with microparticles from MS patients

reduced both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion production, resulting in protein tyrosine nitration. These Selleckchem CCI-779 effects were associated with enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at the site of inhibition. The reduction of O(2)(-) was linked to both reduced expression of p47(phox) of NADPH oxidase and overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase. The decrease in NO production was triggered by nonplatelet-derived microparticles. In vivo injection of MS microparticles into mice impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and decreased endothelial NO synthase expression. These data provide evidence that circulating microparticles from MS patients influence endothelial dysfunction.”
“The diagnosis and medical treatment of cerebral ischemia are becoming more important due to the increase in the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. However, conventional methods of evaluating cerebral perfusion have several drawbacks: they are invasive, require physical restraint, and the equipment

Topoisomerase inhibitor is not portable, which makes repeated measurements at the bedside difficult. An alternative method is developed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS signals are measured at 44 positions (22 on each side) on the fronto-temporal areas in 20 patients with cerebral ischemia. In order to extract the pulse-wave component, the raw total hemoglobin data recorded from each position are band-pass filtered (0.8 to 2.0 Hz) and subjected to a fast Fourier transform to obtain the power spectrum of the pulse wave. The ischemic region is determined by single-photon emission computed tomography. The pulse-wave power in the ischemic region is compared with that in the symmetrical region on the contralateral side. In 17 cases (85%), the pulse-wave power on the ischemic side is significantly lower than that on the contralateral side, which indicates that the transmission of the pulse wave is attenuated in the region with reduced blood flow. Pulse-wave power might be useful as a noninvasive marker of cerebral ischemia. (C) The Authors.