We also detected significant differences in the allele frequencies of rs40184 between healthy subjects of Asian ancestry and those of both Caucasian and African ancestry. We concluded that there is a tendency towards an association between the homozygous TT genotype of the rs40184 single nucleotide polymorphism and an increased risk for MDD in this northeastern Thai population. Possibly, with more samples, this tendency will be confirmed.”
“Background The ilio-inguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block P-gp inhibitor (INB) is one of the most common peripheral nerve block techniques in pediatric anesthesia, which is largely due to the introduction

of ultrasound (US) guidance. Despite the benefits of US guidance, the absence JAK2 inhibitors clinical trials of an US machine should not deter the provider from performing INB, considering that many institutions, especially in developing countries, cannot afford to provide ultrasound machines in their anesthesiology departments. The aim of this study was to revisit the anatomical position of the ilio-inguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in relation to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS),

in a large sample of neonatal cadavers, and compare the results with a similar group in a previously published US-guided study. Methods With Ethics Committee approval, the ilio-inguinal and iliohypogastric nerves were carefully dissected in 54 neonatal cadavers. Results In the total sample, the ilio-inguinal nerve was found to be 2.2 +/- 1.2mm from

the ASIS, on a line connecting the ASIS to the umbilicus. The iliohypogastric nerve was on average 3.8 +/- 1.3mm from the ASIS. For the entire sample, the optimal needle insertion site was 3.00mm from the ASIS. Although there is a strong correlation between the needle insertion point and the weight of the neonate, this will only fit’ for 60% of the population. Conclusion The linear regression formula; needle insertion distance (mm)=0.6xweight+1.8 can be used as a guideline for the position of the ilio-inguinal and iliohypogastric nerves.”
“Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is a rare demyelinating disease mainly affecting children, characterized by acute onset, progressive course and high mortality. A 62-year-old LY3039478 concentration man was admitted to our Unit for diplopia and ataxia ensuing 2 weeks after the onset of pneumonia. MRI T2-weighted images showed signal hyperintensities in the brainstem. Antibodies against Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and cold agglutinins were found. Two weeks later the patient had a worsening of his conditions: he developed left hemiplegia with motor focal seizures and the day after he was deeply comatose (GCS = 4). A second MRI scan showed extensive hyperintensities involving the whole right hemisphere white matter with a small parietal hemorrhagic area. The clinical and neuroimaging features suggested the diagnosis of AHL, Aciclovir in association with steroid therapy were administered and then plasmapheresis was started.

These nanocomposites were prepared by one-step in situ deposition oxidative polymerization of pyrrole hydrochloride using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant in the presence of find more ultra fine grade powder of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles cooled in an ice bath. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning

electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The obtained results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles have been encapsulated by PPy with a strong effect on the morphology of PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites. Also, the synthesized PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites had higher thermal stability than that of pure PPy. The investigation of electrical conductivity of nanocomposites by four-point probe instrument showed that the conductivity of nanocomposite at low TiO2 content is much higher than of neat PPy, while with the increasing contents of TiO2, the conductivity decreases. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1922-1927, 2012″
“Background. Pre-exposure to hyperoxic gas (>= 95%) has been shown to protect the heart and central nervous system from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated whether oxygen pretreatment induces

delayed renal protection OICR-9429 in rats. The possible role of some renal antioxidant agents was also investigated. Materials and methods. Adult male Wistar rats were kept in a hyperoxic (HO) (>= 95% O(2)) environment for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 2 h/day for three consecutive days and 4 h/day for six consecutive days, and control group (IR) animals were kept in the cage with no HO, one day before subjecting their kidney to 40 minutes of ischemia and 24h of reperfusion. Renal function was assessed by comparing plasma www.sellecn.cn/products/cl-amidine.html creatinine

(Cr), blood urea nitrogen ( BUN), creatinine clearance (CLCr), and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa%). Histopathological injury score was also determined according to the Jablonski method. To examine the antioxidant system induction by hyperoxia, we measured renal catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and renal glutathione and malondialdehyde content. Results. Our data demonstrated that only in 4 h/day HO for six consecutive days, the renal function tests (Cr, CLCr, BUN, and FENa%) and Jablonski histological injury were better than control group (p < 0.05). The beneficial effect of oxygen pretreatment in this group was associated with increased renal catalase activity compared with those obtained from control group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that repeated exposure to hyperoxic (>= 95% O(2)) environment can reduce subsequent rat’s renal ischemia-reperfusion damage.

According to relevant bibliographic data, this is the first case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis confirmed by direct molecular microbiology methods from the tonsillar tissue of a young immunocompetent check details male reported in Europe. In a case of recurrent tonsillitis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be considered as a possible cause.”
“The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Betonica grandiflora Willd., growing wild in Iran, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the first time. Overall, 40 volatile components were identified on the basis of their mass spectra characteristics and retention indices in which ledol (21.8%), myrtenyl acetate (21.7%),

eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (6.5%), trans-caryophyllene (5.5%), alpha-bisabolol (4.9%) and isolongifolol (4.5%) were the major constituents. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes,

monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main groups of compounds with 45.6%, 23.1% and 18.4%, respectively. The oil was moderately active against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and inactive against Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.”
“Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a vascular risk factor with prevalence in the general population of 17-25%.

To determine the selleck chemicals llc prevalence of MetS in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

A total of 200 patients [18% type 1 (T1DM), 82% type 2 (T2DM)] attending for annual review were studied. Standard blood tests were requested. Blood pressure and waist circumference were selleck inhibitor measured.

Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for diagnosis of MetS were applied.

A total of 122 (61%) patients had MetS. More patients with T2DM (69.5%) than TIDM (22.2%) had MetS. Despite treatment of DM (100%), hypertension (69.5%) and dyslipidaemia (48.3%), 114 patients (57%) still met the criteria for MetS at time of study.

Most T2DM patients have MetS but it is uncommon in T1DM. Despite treatment, almost half of patients still met the criteria for MetS. Aggressive treatment of MetS components is required to reduce cardiovascular risk in DM.”
“We experienced a case of a 36-year-old married man who was found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive at 23 years of age. His liver function was repeatedly abnormal in the past 13 years. In November 2007 he presented with fatigue. Laboratory tests showed serum alanine aminotransferase concentration 255.3 U/l, positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antibody, HBV DNA 3.01 x 10(7) copies/ml; liver biopsy showed necroinflammatory scores 11 and fibrosis scores 4. After 20 weeks of treatment with Peg-IFN alpha-2b, laboratory tests showed HBV DNA < 500 copies/ml and normal liver function. By week 52 of the treatment, HBsAg became negative. By week 92 of continuing treatment, HBsAb became weakly positive and Peg-IFN alpha-2b treatment was stopped.

4, 6.3). Prevalence did not differ by HIV infection status or overall ARV exposure;

rates were 4.8% (95% CI: 3.7, 6.1) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.2, 7.8) in children without and with first trimester ARV exposure, respectively. The defect rate was higher among children with first trimester efavirenz exposure (5/32, 15.6%) versus children without first trimester efavirenz exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.31 [95% CI: 1.56, 11.86]). Protective effects of first trimester zidovudine exposure on musculoskeletal defects were detected (aOR = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.69]), while a higher risk of heart defects was found (aOR = 2.04 [95% CI: 1.03, 4.05]).

Conclusions: The prevalence of birth defects was higher in this cohort of HIV-exposed children than in other pediatric cohorts. There was no association Selleck PD-1 inhibitor with overall ARV exposure, but

there were some associations with specific agents, including efavirenz. Additional studies are needed to rule out confounding and to evaluate newer ARV agents.”
“Exchange bias effect in spin glass/ferromagnetic systems has been studied recently. Here, we report the coercive mechanism and training effect in Fe-Au/Ni-Fe films. Experimental results indicate that the coercivity (H(c)) mainly originates from direct coupling between Fe-Au and Ni-Fe layers at temperatures (T) well below the blocking point (T(b)). At T near T(b), H(c) comes from spin-flop coupling and defects in the

Ni-Fe layer. The findings confirm the validity of VX-689 manufacturer our spin structure model. Additionally, irreversible rearrangement of Fe-Au spins from the field cooling state was indicated by the training effect of both Fe-Au/Ni-Fe and Fe-Au powder samples. The results are discussed in detail. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562903]“
“The objective of this study was to determine if prophylactic antibiotic Cyclopamine solubility dmso use before midurethral sling procedures reduces infectious complications.

In this double-blinded randomized trial, we compared infectious complications between women who received cefazolin and placebo before midurethral sling procedures.

The study was halted due to low rate of infectious outcomes seen at the first scheduled interim analysis. We enrolled 29 women in the cefazolin group and 30 in the placebo group. Total follow-up was 6 months (3-24 months). The groups were similar at the baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between the cefazolin and placebo groups, respectively, with respect to wound infections [1 (3.3%) and 0 (0%)], mesh exposure [0 (0%) and 1 (3.5%)], and bacteriuria [3 (10%) and 1 (3.5%)].

Because infection rates are low in both cefazolin and placebo groups, omitting preoperative antibiotics for midurethral slings may be justified.”
“Background: A shigellosis outbreak in the St Louis, Missouri metropolitan area.

96[0.94-0.98], P<0.001) and out-of-hospital arrest (HR[95%CI] = 2.04[1.14-3.62], P=0.02) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and mean PP over the

first 6h after ECLS implantation (HR[95% CI] = 0.95[0.93-0.98], P<0.001) was the sole independent predictor of weaning failure.

Conclusion: Higher mean PP over the initial 6h after ECLS implementation independently predicted successful weaning and survival. Our findings may help better predict and analyze prognosis in patients receiving ECLS. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To study the correlation between the degree of endolymphatic hydrops as detected in vivo by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the auditory and vestibular function in patients with definite Meniere’s disease.

Study Design: Prospective IACS-10759 in vivo observational study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center for balance disorders.

Subjects and Methods: In this

prospective study, 41 patients who fulfilled the criteria for definite unilateral Meniere’s disease according to the American Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery GSK2118436 and who showed a summating potential-to-action potential ratio of greater than 0.4 on electrocochleography were included. Intratympanic contrast-enhanced 3 Tesla MR imaging of the inner ear was LGK974 performed

using a 3D Inversion Recovery Turbo Spin Echo sequence. The degree of endolymphatic hydrops was graded on a Likert scale (0-3) in the cochlea and by vestibular endolymph space ratio in the vestibulum. The degree of hydrops was then analyzed with respect to its correlation with audiometric hearing levels, interaural amplitude ratios of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, degree of horizontal semicircular canal paresis on caloric irrigation, and disease duration.

Results: The degree of hearing loss and the disease duration correlated significantly with cochlear hydrops (r = 0.85; r = 0.34). Sacculus dysfunction was significantly correlated with vestibular hydrops (r = -0.47). There was no significant correlation between horizontal semicircular canal paresis and vestibular hydrops.

Conclusion: In patients with clinically and electrocochleographically confirmed definite Meniere’s disease, the degree of MR morphological hydrops severity correlates significantly with impairment of hearing function and sacculus function.”
“Purpose

We retrospectively determined the efficacy and safety of the combination of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and folinic acid (FA) as first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer.

“
“Synthesis and characterization

of bulk NaxCoO2 samples substituted by K and Rb is reported. Phase formation studies revealed a narrow stable region for Na-alkali metal-Co system. Whisker and platelike single crystalline structures have been found to form on the surface of the pellets in case of K doping. All samples were metallic and no characteristic anomaly in R-T curves was observed for Rb doped sample. Magnetoresistance measured has a pronounced positive response only for K-doped and pure NaxCoO2 phases, reaching 11% and 7% at 5 K temperature, respectively. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3365491]“
“P>We learn more report on the successful regrafting of a transplanted kidney. The donor kidney was first transplanted into a 32-year-old patient with renal atrophy. More than 2 years later, he suffered from severe grand mal seizure with brain edema and the patient met the criteria for brain death. The well-functioning graft was recovered and subsequently transplanted into a 66-year-old woman with chronic glomerular nephritis. Neither the first nor the second recipient experienced any acute rejection.

To date, more than 14 years later, she is in good health with excellent graft function. This case report implies that excellent long-term graft function is viable in a graft reused 2 years after the initial transplantation.”
“Background: The change in the cross-sectional area of a repaired muscle, measured with use of selleck products magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could be an indicator of recovery of muscle function. The aims of

this study were Buparlisib to evaluate the change in the area of the supraspinatus muscle between the immediately postoperative and one-year postoperative MRIs and to identify factors associated with the change.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear were included. MRI was performed three days and one year after surgery. Patients were classified into two groups according to whether the area of the supraspinatus increased or decreased between these two time points. Outcomes including pain, shoulder motion, strength, and commonly used clinical scores were assessed preoperatively and at three, six, and twelve months after surgery. Changes in the rotator cuff muscles and retear of the repaired tendon were also evaluated.

Results: The area of the supraspinatus muscle increased in twenty-nine (33%) of the patients and decreased in fifty-nine (67%). The change in area was 36.75 +/- 27.94 mm(2) in the group in which it increased and -94.25 +/- 70.38 mm(2) in the group in which it decreased (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that a lower preoperative Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, better gross visual grade of the tendon at surgery, and greater strength of the supraspinatus at six months postoperatively were associated with an increase in the area.

f., while those

of Clausena engleri Tanaka include bicycloelemene (12.1%), bicyclogermacrene (11.0%) and (E)-nerolidol (6.6%). This is the first report on the chemical analysis of essential oils of C. dimidiata and C. engleri.”
“The combination of memory and signal handling characteristics of a memristor makes it a promising candidate for adaptive bioinspired information processing systems. This poses stringent requirements on the basic device, such as stability and reproducibility over a large number of training/learning cycles, and a large anisotropy in the fundamental control material parameter, in our case the electrical conductivity. In this work we report results on the improved performance of electrochemically controlled

polymeric memristors, where optimization of a conducting polymer (polyaniline) in the active channel and better environmental control FK506 price of fabrication methods led to a large increase both in the absolute values of the conductivity in the partially oxydized state of polyaniline and of the on-off conductivity ratio. These improvements are crucial for the application of the organic memristor to adaptive complex signal handling networks. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3153944]“
“Background: Cross-sectional gastric antral area (GAA) measurements by ultrasonography (US) have been proposed for preoperative assessment of gastric volume in adults but not been validated

in children. This study investigates whether in children gastric volumes can be predicted by US performed in different patient positions.

Method: learn more Gastric fluid and air volumes were examined by magnetic resonance imaging before or up to 120 min after ingestion of 7 ml.kg(-1) diluted raspberry syrup in healthy volunteers who had fasted overnight. GAA was measured with US three times each in supine (SUP), elevated 45 degrees degree supine (E45) and PF-02341066 manufacturer right decubital (RDC) position using imaging planes defined by vascular landmarks. Correlation coefficients (Pearson) between GAA and gastric volumes were calculated and Bland-Altman analysis performed.

Results: Sixteen children aged from 6.4 to 12.8 (9.2) years were included in 23 examinations: 6 after overnight fasting, 3 directly after, and 14 with a delay of 74 +/- 35 min after fluid intake. GAA was 221 +/- 116, 218 +/- 112, and 347 +/- 188 mm 2 for SUP, E45, and RDC position, respectively. The best correlation between body weight corrected total gastric/gastric fluid volume (TGV(w)/GFV(w)) with GAA was found for RDC position (R = 0.79; P < 0.01/R = 0.78; P < 0.01). Bias and precision of calculated and measured GFV(w) was 0 +/- 2.8 ml.kg(-1).

Conclusion: Correlations between GAA and TGV(w) or GFV(w) in children are best in the RDC position, but not sufficient to predict GFV(w) with a given GAA. Interpretation of isolated GAA values may be misleading.

Chest compression (CC) depths were corrected for mattress deflection. Generalized least squares regression estimated the association between BP and CPR quality, treated as continuous variables. Mixed-effects

logistic regression estimated the association between systolic BP >= 80 mmHg/diastolic BP >= 30 mmHg and the AHA targets of depth >= 38 mm and/or rate >= 100/min.

Results: Nine arrests resulted in 4156 CCs. The median mattress corrected depth was 32 mm (IQR 28-38); median LGX818 chemical structure rate was 111 CC/min (IQR 103-120). AHA depth was achieved in 1090/4156 (26.2%) CCs; rate in 3441 (83.7%). Systolic BP >= 80 mmHg was attained in 2516/4156 (60.5%) compressions; diastolic >= 30 mmHg in 2561/4156 (61.6%). A rate >= 100/min was associated with systolic BP >= 80 mmHg (OR 1.32; CI95 1.04, 1.66; p = 0.02) and diastolic BP >= 30 mmHg (OR 2.15; CI95 1.65, 2.80; p < 0.001). Exceeding both (rate >= 100/min and depth >= 38 mm) was associated with systolic BP >= 80 mmHg (OR 2.02; CI95 1.45, 2.82; p < 0.001) and diastolic NMS-E628 BP >= 30 mmHg (OR 1.48; CI95 1.01, 2.15; p = 0.042).

Conclusions: AHA quality targets (rate >= 100/min and depth >= 38 mm) were associated with systolic BPs >= 80 mmHg and diastolic BPs >= 30 mmHg during CPR in children. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Three new neo-clerodane

diterpenoids, named scutelinquanines A-C (1-3), were isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria barbata. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. In vitro, the isolated three new compounds showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human cancer lines (HONE-1 nasopharyngeal, KB oral epidermoid carcinoma, and HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells), and gave IC(50) values in the range 2.7-6.7 mu M. (C) 2010 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We report a case of an apparently well-documented indapamide-induced hyponatremia. The initial diagnosis was made on the basis of dechallenge and rechallenge performed on two occasions. Further course of the

disease, which proved inconsistent with our expectations, prompted us to look for another Selleckchem BAY 73-4506 aetiology leading to the final diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) complicated by indapamide treatment.”
“The present study involves the preparation of lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles loaded with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (a poorly water soluble antihypertensive) and hydrochlorothiazide complexed with beta-cyclodextrin (HCT-beta-CD) with a view to improve its biopharmaceutical properties. Nanoparticles prepared using modified solvent evaporation method showed a particle size in the range of 126-139 and 152-181 nm (polydispersity index, PDI = 0.2) for HCT and HCT-beta-CD loaded nanoparticles respectively.

Interestingly, auxin and BR each regulate a subset of these XTHs, by which they could regulate cell elongation. We hypothesize that auxin and BR regulate specific XTH genes in a non-redundant and non-synergistic manner during low-blue-induced shade avoidance responses of Arabidopsis seedlings, which explains why both hormones are required for an intact low-blue response.”
“Phytochemicals-the bioactive compounds found in plants-not only hold historical significance in various medical traditions, but also form the basis of many modern-day drugs. Phytochemicals

are often used for primary disease prevention or as adjuncts to conventional therapies-despite Smoothened Agonist Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor uncertain effectiveness or safety. On the other hand, phytochemicals have given rise to numerous conventional drugs, which are widely used in mainstream medicine and compose the primary therapeutic strategies for numerous conditions (including cancer). In this review, we will discuss general safety considerations for integrating phytochemicals

learn more in the oncology setting. The supportive evidence and safety concerns of popular plant-based cancer therapies will also be summarized. Finally, a brief overview of the established and emerging anticancer drugs with botanical origins will be provided.”
“In this article, the morphology, crystallization, and rheological behaviors of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) binary blend and PP/EPDM/calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) ternary blend were investigated. Two processing methods, i.e., direct extrusion and two-step extrusion, were employed to prepare the PP/EPDM/CaCO3 blend. The influence of EPDM and nano-CaCO3 respectively on phase morphology and properties of PP/EPDM blend and PP/EPDM/CaCO3 blend were characterized by scanning electron

microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometer. The crystallinity and crystallization temperature Epigenetic phosphorylation of PP/EPDM blend were improved in comparison to pure PP due to addition of EPDM, but kept invariable with the increased EPDM loading. As the EPDM content was increased, the mobility of PP molecular chains was weakened. Compared with direct extruded blend, less and finer nano-CaCO3 was dispersed in matrix of two-step extruded blend. Accordingly, the increased nano-CaCO3 in matrix gave rise to a weaker increment in crystallinity and crystallization temperature of two-step extruded blend, and a later platform of tand curve. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 510-519, 2012″
“flg22 treatment increases levels of miR393, a microRNA that targets auxin receptors. Over-expression of miR393 renders plants more resistant to biotroph pathogens and more susceptible to necrotroph pathogens.

METHODS: Nepicastat clinical trial This study investigated whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA antibodies are associated with CAV and if their presence can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing CAV. Diagnosis of CAV was made by angiography and intravascular ultrasound

(IVUS) technology. Sera from 48 heart transplant recipients were assessed for the presence of antibodies.

RESULTS: Although anti-HLA or anti major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) antibodies in patients with or without CAV were not statistically different, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) was identified as a new antigenic target after the screening of a human coronary artery smooth muscle cells complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library with a serum sample from a CAV patient. Four years after transplantation, presence of anti-hnRNP-K antibodies was significantly higher in the IVUS-defined CAV group

(85.3%) and angiography-defined CAV patients (90.5%) compared with the non-CAV group (p selleck kinase inhibitor < 0.0001 and p = 0.0023 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of anti-hnRNP-K antibodies 4 years after the transplant is statistically associated with CAV disease, regardless of the diagnostic technique. Therefore, prospective detection of these antibodies could be proposed as a helpful biomarker in CAV diagnosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:1051-9 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“In this paper, we report micromagnetic analysis of a scheme for increasing area density capability in conventional perpendicular magnetic TGF-beta inhibitor recording. By replacing a significant portion of the Ru intermediate layer in present film media with appropriate soft magnetic material, recording head field gradient can be effectively enhanced. A combined finite element method (FEM) and micromagnetic modeling study is conducted for the quantitative understanding of the area density gain along

with recording geometry optimization. FEM calculation shows that by reducing air bearing surface to soft underlayer separation from 50 to 30 nm and the write gap from 35 to 20 nm, the on-track field gradient increases from 560 to 820 Oe/nm. The corresponding recording simulation on the same single layer medium shows almost 2 dB medium signal-to-noise ratio gain. The study also shows that the vertically segmented three-layer media used in current disk products can effectively further enhance the head field gradient, provided adequate vertical exchange coupling between the segments. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3556774]“
“Objective. The aim of this study was to review the reported cases of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in the head and neck and to evaluate this tumor regarding histologic features, treatment, and recurrence. SFT has been described in many extrapleural sites, including the head and neck.